Blackmore Area Local History |
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Blackmore: Through Changing Scenes |
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| A history of Blackmore church and village in words and music. Written by Andrew Smith, from a performance given in 2005 and 2008. | |||||
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| Home | Blackmore | Through Changing Scenes: Stondon Massey | |||
| Through
Changing Scenes A History of Blackmore (Essex) in words and music From a performance given at the Priory Church of St Laurence, Blackmore in September 2005 and repeated in February 2008 An extended version of this script is available in a booklet entitled 'Blackmore: A Short History', available from St Laurence Church, priced £1.50 or by post. Contact Andrew Smith for further information. ONE Introduction |
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| Readers: Reader
A, Reader
B, Reader C, Reader D Microphones: four in total. Number left to right (Reader B to use mic. 2. Reader A to use mic. 3). Seating arrangements: Front row left: Reader B, Reader D. Front row right: Reader A, Reader C. |
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| Music |
Te lucis ante
terminum
(Compline Hymn) Plainsong |
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| Reader A and
Reader B
to front. Reader B to mic. 2 Reader A to mic. 3 |
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| Reader
A: |
Welcome
to the Priory
Church of St Laurence, Blackmore, a place of worship for nearly 900
years. Blackmore does not appear at all in the Domesday Book whereas Fingrith does. The entry in 1086 reads: |
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| Reader
B: |
“Hundred
of CHAFFORD The King has FINGRITH (Hall), which Harold held before 1066. Always 1 plough in lordship; 6 villagers and 8 smallholders have 2 ploughs In lordship 24 cattle, Value then £4; now [£]14”. |
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| Reader
A: |
The
Survey confirms that
this area of Blackmore is later mentioned in relation to the Priory Church of St. Laurence as being in the parish of Fingrith: |
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| Reader B: | “priore
ecclesie sancti
Laurencii de Blakemore in parochia de Fyngreth”. |
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| Reader A and Reader B sit | |||||
| Music |
Nunc Dimittis
(Canticum Simeonis) Plainsong |
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| TWO The Priory |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. | |||||
| Reader
A: |
Our
story begins in the
twelfth century with the Samford family, who then held the Manor of
Fingrith.
Adam and Jordan de Samford donated some land around the year 1160 and
Richard,
Bishop of London, gave authority for the foundation of a priory. Blackmore became an Augustinian Priory consisting of a Prior and twelve Canons. They were not monks but ordained priests. Their work was pastoral as well as contemplative. The Canons lived together during the week and returned to their parishes on Sundays to minister. They had servants to run the Priory. |
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| Reader
B: |
This
building is thought
to have originally been constructed about 1170. At the west end we see
the bold
Romanesque architecture with two short lengths of return wall and
clerestory
windows. Until the bell tower was built, the people of the parish
entered the
building to meet and to worship, through this doorway. |
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| Reader A: |
The arranged
marriage, in 1249, of
Alice, daughter of Gilbert Samford, to Robert de Vere, the future 5th
Earl of Oxford, united these influential families. The marriage meant
that this
powerful It was the responsibility of the Priors and Canons to appoint a parish priest for the cure of souls. In 1309 the parishioners complained to Ralph de Baldock, Bishop of London, that the Priors had failed to appoint a priest. He issued Letters Mandatory that: |
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| Reader B: |
“
…they should cause Divine Offices to be performed at the
altar in the
body of the Church … by fit Ministers … and on
behalf of the parishioners that
at their own charge they should find one Missal, one Chalice, one
Vestment, and
several other things … requisite for the celebration of
Mass, as are found by
parishioners in other parishes”. |
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| Reader A: |
The practice of
appointing priests
continued until the Dissolution when, in 1534, a Vicar was appointed
for the
first time. The village would have grown as a consequence of the Priory. Its activities attracted travellers and pilgrims. Inns and alehouses were built by the Priory for the tourists. The Bull Inn, at the top of |
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| Reader B: |
The height of
the Priory’s wealth
appears to have been at the end of the fourteenth century when a single
roof was
placed over the nave and aisles. The shields of the de Vere family and
the Royal
family are present, and its date must be not earlier than 1381 or later
than
1397. Recent research has dated the construction of timber bell tower
to the
year 1400. The west entrance was sealed and a new Doorway pierced in
the North wall
for the use of parishioners. Although the bell tower might have taken a
week to
assemble on site, we know that the trees which supplied the timber were
felled
over a period of three winters: this was quite a project. |
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| Reader A and Reader B sit. | |||||
| Music |
The builders Angevin m.s |
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| THREE Henry VIII |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions | |||||
| Reader B: |
Henry VIII was
a frequent visitor to
the neighbouring Jericho House, so must have known the Priory well.
Here the
King spent much time with his mistress, Elizabeth Blount (later
Taillebois), a
lady in the retinue of Catherine of Aragon. In 1519, she bore his
illegitimate
son, taking his father’s name Henry, and the surname for
illegitimate
offspring, Fitzroy. Much admired and spoilt by Henry VIII, his only acknowledged male child, Henry Fitzroy was, by the age of six, created Duke of Richmond with the titles Earl of Nottingham and Duke of Somerset. This placed Henry Fitzroy in an honoured position because the title held precedence over all other Dukes except potential legitimate sons of the King. By doing so, Henry VIII had elevated his son’s position in society such that he would be a more eligible bachelor. His stepfather, Gilbert Taillebois, was knighted. By the age of eight Henry Fitzroy was Admiral of England, The original house is no more, and the neighbouring property, Jericho Priory, is Georgian. But there was a saying in Court that when Henry was not to be disturbed, the expression used was, |
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| Reader B & Reader A: | “He
has gone to |
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| Reader A and Reader B sit | |||||
| Music |
Ballad of |
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| FOUR Dissolution |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. Reader D to mic. 1 | |||||
| Reader A: |
English history
associates the
dissolution of the monasteries with King Henry VIII and the late 1530s.
The
suppression of Blackmore, however, began at least a decade earlier. In April 1524, Pope Clement VII gave authorisation to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey for the suppression of the first Augustinian Monastery at St Frideswide in |
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| Reader B: |
In early 1525, an inventory
of the “contents of
the syte of the late Monasterye of Blakemore” was prepared. At an Inquiry held in August at |
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| Reader D: |
… to
John Hawes for “works”; John
Reynolds, draper of Brentwood, £8 6s for three hose and
cloth; John Petchey, £1.13s.4d
“ready money”; John Bell, 6s for shoeing horses and
other services; Thomas
Symonds, £3 and Sir George Pocke, Priest at Mountnessing, 6s. |
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| Reader B: |
After legal expenses, Blackmore Priory, with its rights in Margaretting, Willingale, Broomfield, Shellow Bowells, Norton (Mandeville), Writtle, South Weald, Kelvedon (Hatch) and Stondon (Massey), was valued at £85.9s.7d. | ||||
| Reader A: |
The contents
and Blackmore Priory was dissolved in 1527. At that time there were only four Canons in residence. |
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| Reader A, Reader B and Reader D sit. | |||||
| Music |
Kyrie: Mass for
four
voices William Byrd |
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| FIVE Changes in Ownership |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions | |||||
| Reader A: |
Wolsey founded
a Grammar School in Two years later the Priory was granted to the Abbot and Convent of Waltham Holy Cross. The Bishop of London ordained a vicarage at Blackmore, endowing the post with an annual income of £6.13s.4d (10 marks). From 1534 the responsibility for choosing a Vicar rested with the Abbot of Waltham Abbey. |
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| Reader B: |
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| Reader A and Reader B sit | |||||
| Music |
Glory to thee,
my God,
this night Tune: Tallis’ Canon Ken/Tallis |
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| SIX Thomas Smyth |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. Reader D to Mic. 1. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader A: |
Henry VIII sold
Blackmore Priory, in 1540,
to John Smyth, one of his auditors. John was the second son of Thomas
Smyth, of
Rivenhall, a family who descended from Sir Michael Carrington, standard
bearer
to King Richard I during the Crusades. |
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| Reader B: |
When his son,
Thomas, inherited the
manor of Blackmore in 1543, and “house called
Jerico”, he completed Smyth Hall,
using the materials from the former Priory. Smyth Hall was situated
half a mile
from the church, on the Thomas Smyth did not appear to be a great supporter of the local church. The Visitation Return for 1572 records … |
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| Reader C: |
…“that
the parishe is pore and the
tabell not as it ought to be, and the parish not able to buy a
newe”. |
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| Reader B: |
Thomas’
relationship with the
parishioners was not a harmonious one. In 1577, he appeared before the
Archdeaconry of Essex Court accused, … |
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| Reader C: |
…
“with others openly in service
time in the church made a brawl to the disquieting of the parson and
the people
gathered together”. |
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| Reader B: | He confessed
that there were … |
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| Reader C: | …“high
words”. |
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| Reader B: |
Four years
later he caused a rift when
he removed the right of the parishioners to use the chancel. The
parishioners
claimed that both the Church and Chancel was theirs as an ancient right
of use.
The Essex Record Office has the original document of the case:
“Parishioners de
Blackmore v. Smith”, made before the Archdeacon of Essex, in
1583. Four
parishioners gave evidence, one of whom was John Symond. |
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| Reader D: |
John Symond, of
Blackmore, husbandman, [there about lxxv annos] a native
of Brentwood, aged 80, deposed to living in this parish the best part
of his
life and well remembered the religious house which sometime stode
adjoining the
church … pulled down by Sir Thomas Tuke… and left the part standing
which lately was used for the chancell that
Mr. Smith in controversies between him and the parishns did shut it up
… which
was no pte of Blackmore Church, but
pcel of the Priory. |
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| Reader B: |
The Courts
upheld the parishioners’
claim but there is evidence to suggest that Thomas Smyth did not
willingly
relent. |
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| All sit | |||||
| Music |
Alas, dear Smyth TA/Traditional |
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| SEVEN Crime in 16th Century |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader A: |
From 1583 to
1615, with the
exception of 1588, Blackmore had as its curate, Edward Binder. By all
accounts
he appears to have been quite a character. |
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| Reader C: |
Edmund Bynder.
Curate. That he being Curate of Blackmore sundry times
there was no service said as viz – the first and second of
November last. |
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| Reader A: | Also, that year: | ||||
| Reader C: |
Edmund Binder.
That he doth not only intrude himself into our Vicarage
his function but also taketh it upon him to expound the scriptures and
addeth thereunto
of his own head unlicensed to preach. And doth not always give warning
in the
Church of Fish Daies and Holy Daies and that he is thought to serve by
way of
intrusion – Hereafter he does not use the expositions of the
scriptures
unlicenced. |
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| Reader A: | Then, in 1608,
including the margin
note “notorious”: |
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| Reader C: |
Edward Bynder. Curate. He giveth no warning of marriages Christenings or burials. No Quarter sermons and doth hinder others that are willing to come, who are good preachers, to the greefe of the countrie thereabout. | ||||
| Reader A: | Edward Bynder’s misdemeanours led to his suspension from duties. | ||||
| Reader B: |
Returning to
the Smyth family, there
is an incident where William Mott, the curate in 1588, was prevented
from
carrying out his duties. Allegations made at |
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| Reader C: |
Thomas Smyth,
junior. For resisting and withstanding Mr Mott, not
suffering him to come into the parish Frances Knockstubb. … that he did Charles Smyth, his man, did haule try and drawe Mr Mott up and down the churchyard and in the church porch upon the 30 of march in the time of ye Divine Service, and did rent and teere his cloak and also ye he wish one Edward another of Mr Smyth’s men upon the 29 of march did rend and draire the said Mr Mott out of the churchyard. |
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| Reader B: |
“Edward,
another of Mr Smyth’s men”
must have been Edward Blacketh, his servant. With Francis Smyth, he was
bound over
to “keep the peace for one whole year”. The offence
may relate to a hearing
before the Quarter Sessions in July 1588: |
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| Reader C: |
We present
Francis Smith of Blackmore, gentleman, “for strikinge at the
Constable at the Churche gate with his sword drawen, and for fetchinge
John
Reve of Blackmore out of the Churche forcably with his sword drawen,
which John
Reve was locked up in ye Churche by the Constable”. |
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| Reader B: |
There is not
time to recall in
detail Alice Godsave, who would not say who was the father of her illegitimate child Those who did not attend church / communion The man found sleeping most irreverently on the altar People selling ware (and drinking or guzzling) during service time The man in the chamber alone with a Scotch woman at The Bull. |
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| Reader A, Reader B and Reader C sit. | |||||
| Music |
Where do you
wander? TA/Traditional |
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| EIGHT The Puritans |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions | |||||
| Reader A: |
Across One such individual was Simon Lynch who was Rector of Runwell until 1644, and, from about 1646, Curate of Blackmore. In 1636, an entry before the |
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| Reader B: |
Simon Linch.
Rector of Runwell: speaking incesscent and vasumly speeches
in the chancell near the Communion table. Admonished and dismissed. |
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| Reader A: |
Stephen
Smyth’s appointment of Lynch
to Blackmore was unpopular with the parishioners. This is documented in
the
Record of Parochial Inquisition held at The Black Boy Inn, |
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| Reader B: |
That Symon
Lynch, Clerke, supplyeth the Cure by the appointment of the
said Stephen Smith, Esq who payes him for his Paynes thirtye pounds per
Ann.
That … Symon Lynch … was putt out of Runwell for
his scandalous life, and
brought into this parish without the Consent of the well Affected
Inhabitants. |
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| Reader A: |
Simon
Lynch’s Will specified the
words to be inscribed on his tombstone. It bewails his plight
– that of being
taunted to death by Gog, the named enemy of God, the Antichrist in the
Book of
Revelations, whom he considered to be the Parliamentarians of
Cromwell’s day. Lynch
lived just long enough to know of the Restoration of the Monarchy and
the
Church. He died in 1660 just as he was about return to Runwell. |
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| Reader A and Reader B sit | |||||
| Music |
Psalm 149:
Cantate Domino H Lawes |
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| NINE Georgian and Victorian Blackmore |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. Reader D to Mic. 1. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader A: |
In 1756, Thomas
Smith became Curate
of Blackmore. He was parish priest of Stondon Massey for 56 years until
his
death in 1791, and was also the Rector of Aythorpe Roding. Smith describes Blackmore as having … |
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| Reader B: |
…“about
fifty to sixty families; one
Family that are Papist and one Family … who are dissenters
– there is no
meeting house in the parish”. |
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| Reader A: | He adds … | ||||
| Reader B: |
“I
catechize the children constantly
every year and that in the Season of Lent and likewise administer the
Sacrament
four times in a year – Michealmas, Easter, Whitsuntide and
Christmas”. |
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| Reader A: | Smith says … | ||||
| Reader B: |
“My
residence is at Stondon Massey,
which is two miles distant from the parish of Blackmore, to which
perpetual
Curacy I was licensed”. |
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| Reader A: | His salary was … | ||||
| Reader B: | “only twenty six pounds”. | ||||
| Reader A: |
In 1817, the
Archdeacon of Essex
inspected the church building. A catalogue of failure is recorded
including: |
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| Reader C: |
Weather
boarding and shingling wants painting. Underpinning of Tower
wants repair. Remove the Ivy from the South wall. Grub up the Fig and
other
Trees on South side. Fruit Trees |
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| Reader A: | He concluded: | ||||
| Reader C: |
Owing to the general bad state and conditions of the Church the Archdeacon did not make any Order but deferred doing so until he had considered the same more fully. | ||||
| Reader A: | The margin note states: | ||||
| Reader C: |
The Chancel pavement of this Church is green as a Pasture Field and the Church the most cold, wet and comfortless of any in the Archdeaconry. | ||||
| Reader A: |
In 1829 a
census was ordered into
the state of non-conformity. The Vicar, Bridges Harvey, replied |
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Reader C:
|
In
conformity with the Desire of the Secretary of State, I acquaint you,
that, in the Parish of Blackmore, there is no other place of public
worship
than the
|
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| Reader A: |
In 1841,
“Mr A Barrett of Jessops,
Blackmore built a Chapel, School House and rooms on his
estate” in the village.
Two years later it was put in trust for the use of the |
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| Reader B: |
The rise of
non-conformists led, in
1868, to the abolition of Church Rates by William Gladstone’s
Liberal Government.
This measure placed the financial responsibility for the repair of
churches only
upon those willing to support them. This situation prevails today. In 1877, the church was restored thanks to the generosity of Edgar Disney. A commemorative brass, recording this fact is on the north wall. The Essex Weekly News reported that … |
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| Reader D: |
“The
restoration has been most
carefully carried out by Mr Barlow, of Chipping Ongar, … he
has done his best
with the funds placed at his disposal, though a much larger sum might
have been
laid out”. |
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| Reader B: | The West Gallery and Vestry underneath was removed; | ||||
| Reader D: | …“thus throwing light on the fine west arch into the Church”. | ||||
| Reader B: |
The Church was paved throughout. Two windows were created in the south aisle, and | ||||
| Reader D: |
“at
the east end of this aisle a
small ancient window has been revealed and opened into the
Church”. |
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| Reader B: |
Controversially,
the walls were
stripped of their old plaster and renewed, so the likelihood of finding
medieval
wall paintings is remote. The cost of the work was £900. The new Bishop of St Albans, the Rt. Rev. Thomas Claughton presided over the Re-opening Service. Miss Griffin played the harmonium, |
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| Reader D: |
“and the efficient Blackmore Choir of sixteen voices, strengthened on this occasion by twelve voices from Chipping Ongar, was under the direction of the Choirmaster, Mr Fewell”. | ||||
| Reader A: |
We also know the hymns which were sung, from the relatively recently published “Hymns. Ancient & Modern”. The opening one was “The Church’s one foundation”. So let us imagine we are at that service in June 1877 as we stand and sing. | ||||
| All to seats but remain standing for hymn | |||||
| Music | The
Church’s One Foundation SS Wesley |
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| TEN Major Restoration of Church |
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| Reader A only to position. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader A: |
Major restoration was carried out at the turn of the twentieth century under the leadership of Rev. Walter Layton Petrie, Vicar of Blackmore from 1888 to 1922. In a newspaper report of 1902 | ||||
| Reader C: |
Blackmore
Church Restored. Presentation to Vicar “One of the Bishop’s Cheery Days” Monday was a red-letter day among the Churchpeople of Blackmore, it being the occasion of thanksgiving and dedicatory services in connection with the restoration of the The improvements … cost altogether about £2,500. Mr Petrie, who was greeted with applause said he was more than delighted at the kind expressions of his parishioners, and he could not thank them adequately. He had only honestly tried to do his duty. … In the initial stages of the work he was considered to be a man of weak intellect and pressure was brought to bear on him to build a new church and leave the old one as a ruin. |
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| Reader A: |
In 1906, a replacement organ was given by an anonymous donor. It cost £224.10s, and the old one sold to the church at Stondon Massey for £25. The new organ was dedicated on Holy Innocents Day, 28th December, and has seen nearly 100 years of service. | ||||
| Reader A and Reader C sit | |||||
| Music |
Jubilate Deo in
B flat Stanford |
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| ELEVEN The Weather: Storm and Tempest |
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| Reader B only to position. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader B: |
Much activity
in rural Blackmore
concentrated on farming. The church registers record that over a half
of the men
living in the village were agricultural labourers. Family life was
tough: as
the Victorian era commenced, 40% of the population died under the age
of ten,
and, with wages low, and work scarce, many migrated from Blackmore,
demonstrated by the fact that there was twice the number of baptisms
than
burials recorded in the parish. On Midsummer Day, June 1897, Blackmore was near the centre of the hundred square miles of |
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| Reader C: |
“A man was mowing grass at Blackmore, his horses ran away and smashed the mowing machine, one of the knives of which entered the man’s chest and arms. If the knife had caught him lower down death would have been inevitable”. | ||||
| Reader B: |
Ninety years later, the
hurricane of October 1987
swept southern |
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| Reader B and Reader C sit | |||||
| Music |
Glorious mud Fleetwood / Flanders & Swann |
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| TWELVE Twentieth Century Blackmore |
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| Reader A and Reader B to positions. Reader D to Mic. 1. Reader C to Mic. 4 | |||||
| Reader A: |
In the days
without television or
radio, it must have been quite a novelty to see a magic lantern show.
Sixty
people attended one entitled “The Oates Feather”,
at the Church Hall in 1908. (The
Church Hall stood on the site of the present Vicarage front garden).
This was
organised by the local branch of the Church of England Temperance
Society,
which was run by the Vicar and had a membership of 34 adults and a
strong
juvenile section. In 1885 it is noted that £2 was paid for
twelve children to
go to the zoo. Four youngsters, though, had their membership cancelled
because
they “Broke the pledge”. Children’s Services were held every Sunday. There were two occasions when these were cancelled: in January 1925, |
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| Reader B: | “No
Children’s Service at |
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| Reader A: | and, in July and August 1926, | ||||
| Reader B: |
“Sunday School and Children’s Service closed down ‘till abatement of whooping cough epidemic”. | ||||
| Reader
A: |
The Great War of 1914 to 1918 took a terrible toll on the lives of many men. At Blackmore, in November 1920, | ||||
| Reader
C: |
“The unveiling of the war memorial took place on Sunday afternoon, a very large number of people being present. The ceremony began with the singing of “O God Our Help In Ages Past” followed by the lesson read by the Vicar (the Revd. W L Petrie) and prayers by Pastor Francis. At the request of Mr Edmund Marriage, Lieut. Col. Gibbons D.S.O. then unveiled the memorial congratulating Blackmore for having sent 103 men out of a population of 600. He mentioned that one in every five had paid the supreme sacrifice …. The names of the fallen are inscribed on the front face, and on the other faces the names of the men from the village who served are inscribed”. | ||||
| Reader A: | In 1929, | ||||
| Reader D: |
“George Wilson, 24, shoemaker, no fixed address, was charged on remand, with breaking and entering St Laurence’s Church, Blackmore, forcing two offertory boxes, and stealing the contents, about 35/-”. | ||||
| Reader A: | PC Austin, the village policeman, said that on the night of 22nd September, | ||||
| Reader D: |
“The lead frame to the vestry window had been pulled away sufficiently for a man to enter”. | ||||
| Reader A: | The defendant, having already surrendered to the Metropolitan Police, | ||||
| Reader D: | “for
burglary at Hatfield and
breaking into two churches near |
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| Reader A: |
was sent for trial at the Essex Assize where he pleaded guilty. George Wilson was sentenced to 18 months’ hard labour. | ||||
| Reader B: |
Electricity was installed in the church, and used for the first time on Christmas Eve, 1948. | ||||
| All sit | |||||
| Music |
It’s
time to play the
music Adapted TA |
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| THIRTEEN Modern Times |
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| Reader B and Reader A to positions | |||||
| Reader B: |
In the 1960s,
the village population
grew considerably. New houses were built in Meadow Rise, |
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| Reader A: |
Reverend
“Monty” Knott became
Blackmore’s incumbent in 1957 moving into the new Vicarage. A
well-loved man, in
1986, porch and lychgate lanterns were installed, commemorating
“the twenty
eight years of Service given to the Community”. The Vicar was at the opening of the new Primary School in 1970, which replaced the smaller |
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| Reader B: |
Like many other
villages, Blackmore
once had many shops. Today it still has a Post Office, supermarket,
antique shop,
hairdressers and outlet for French Golf Holidays. There are three pubs within staggering distance of one another. The Bull, The Prince Albert and The Leather Bottle, which was rebuilt after fire destroyed the former building in 1954. The community also boasts a modern Village Hall and Blackmore Sports and Social Club. There is also a Village Fayre every other year, which raises many thousands of pounds for Charities and the recent introduction of the Blackmore Music Festival held on the Millennium Field. |
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| Reader A: |
What of the future? The villagers have a strong community identity, and a rich history seen through this wonderful building. “Through Changing Scenes”, week by week, the congregation continue to worship here as it has done for the last 900 years. | ||||
| Reader B and Reader A to seats remain standing for final hymn | |||||
| Music: |
O Praise Ye The
Lord Psalm 150 / Parry |
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| Last updated: 9 January 2010 | |||||